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The Ifranids, also called Banu Ifran, Ifran, or the children of the Ifran ((アラビア語:بنو يفرن), ''Banu Yifran''), were a Zenata Berber tribe prominent in the history of pre-Islamic and early Islamic North Africa. The Banu Ifran resisted or revolted against the foreign occupiers—Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines—of their territory in Africa. In the seventh century, they sided with Kahina in her resistance against the Muslim Umayyad invaders. In the eighth century they mobilized around the dogma of sufri in revolting against the Arab Umayyads and Abbasids. In the 10th century they founded a dynasty opposed to the Fatimids, the Zirids, the Umayyads, the Hammadids and the Maghraoua. The Banu Ifran were defeated by the Almoravids and the invading Arabs (the Banu Hilal and the Banu Sulaym) to the end of the 11th century. The Ifranid dynasty 〔Histoire politique du Maroc: pouvoir, légitimités, et institutions, ʻAbd al-Laṭīf Aknūsh, Abdelatif Agnouche,p.85, Afrique Orient, 1987 ( book on ligne )〕 was recognized as the only dynasty that has defended the indigenous people of the Maghreb, by the Romans referred to as the Africani. In 11th century Iberia, the Ifrenid founded a Taifa of Ronda since 1039〔Histoire Des Musulmans D'espagne ,Reinhart Pieter et Anne Dozy, p.238 ( Book on ligne )〕 at Ronda in Andalusia and governed from Cordoba for several centuries.〔''Études sur la civilisation de l'Espagne musulmane'', Rachel Arié, Publié par Leiden : E.J. Brill, 199O, ISBN 90-04-09116-5, p. 154. (Google Booksf )〕 == History == The Banu Ifran were one of the four major tribes of the Zenata or Gaetulia 〔Recueil des notices et mémoires de la Société archéologique de la province , Société archéologique ()〕 confederation, and were known as expert cavalrymen. According to Ibn Khaldoun, "Ifrinides" or "Ait Ifren" were successfully resisting Romans, Vandals and Byzantines who sought to occupy North Africa before the arrival of the Muslim armies. According to Corippus in his ''Iohannis'',〔(Corpus scriptorum historiae byzantinae , Barthold Georg Niebuhr )〕 during the reign of Justinian I between 547 and 550, the Banu Ifran challenged the Byzantine armies under John Troglita to war.〔Corripus, la Johannide〕〔Monographie de l'aurès , Delartigue〕〔The Golden Age of the Moor, Ivan van Sertima, ()〕〔(Itineraria Phoenicia , Edward Lipiński )〕 Their chief Abu Qurra rebuilt the city of Tlemcen in Algeria in 765 (formerly, it was a Roman city named Pomaria). They opposed the Egyptian Fatimid Caliphate, aligning themselves with the Maghrawa tribe and the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba, although they themselves became Kharijites. Led by Abu Yazid, they surged east and attacked Kairouan in 945. Another leader, Ya'la ibn Muhammad captured Oran and constructed a new capital, Ifgan, near Mascara. Under the leadership of their able general Jawhar, who killed Ya'la in battle in 954,〔So says the ''Rawd al-Qirtas''. But according to Ibn Khaldun, Yala died assassinated by a member of the Fatimides in 958.〕 the Fatimids struck back and destroyed Ifgan, and for some time afterward the Banu Ifran reverted to being scattered nomads in perpetual competition with their Sanhaja neighbours. Some settled in regions of Spain, such as Malaga. Others, led by Hammama, managed to gain control of the Moroccan province of Tadla. Later, led by Abu al-Kamāl, they established a new capital at Salé on the Atlantic coast, though this brought them into conflict with the Barghawata tribes on the seaboard. During the 11th century, the Banu Ifran contested with the Maghrawa tribe for the control of Morocco after the fall of the Idrisid dynasty. Ya'la's son Yaddū took Fes by surprise in January 993 and held it for some months until the Maghrawa ruler Ziri ibn Atiyya returned from Spain and reconquered the region. In May or June 1033, Fes was recaptured by Ya'la's grandson Tamīm. Fanatically devoted to religion, he began a persecution of the Jews,〔Relations judéo-musulmanes au Marocperceptions et réalités , Michel Abitbol ()〕 and is said to have killed 6000 of their men while confiscating their wealth and women, but Ibn Khaldoun says only persecution without killing.〔Ibn Khaldoun, Histoire des Berbères〕 Sometime in the period 1038-1040 the Maghrawa tribe retook Fes, forcing Tamīm to flee to Salé. Soon after that time, the Almoravids began their rise to power and effectively conquered both the Banu Ifran and their brother-rivals the Maghrawa. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Banu Ifran」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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